FieldDxSeptic Arthritis and Bacteremia of KidsClinical signs, differential diagnosis, treatment and prevention in goats.
Overview
A joint infection of young goat kids, usually arising from bacteria entering via the umbilicus. Trueperella pyogenes, staphylococci, streptococci, Corynebacterium spp., Actinomyces spp., Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, or E. coli, entering via an infected umbilicus (omphalitis).
Clinical signs
- Sudden onset of lameness, heat, pain, and swelling in the affected joints.
- Affected kids spend little time feeding, lose body condition, and are often recumbent.
- In chronic stages, the limbs become stiff, joints can become ankylosed, overall growth is poor, and body temperature is typically normal.
- Recumbency increases risk for compression necrosis over bony prominences.
Predisposing factors
- Lack of passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins, poor umbilical cord hygiene (omphalitis), or environmental contamination.
Treatment
- Treatment must be initiated early with high-dose parenteral antibiotics (ideally based on culture and sensitivity) for at least 1 week.
- Joint lavage with saline and antibiotic solutions may enhance the therapeutic outcome.
- Provide diligent nursing care: keep the kid on soft bedding, turn recumbent kids frequently to prevent compression sores, and massage affected joints.
- If joint ankylosis begins to develop, support the kid in a sling for short periods as frequently as possible.
Prevention
Ensure early and adequate colostrum intake (at least 180–210 mL/kg BW in lambs/kids) 4; maintain strict sanitation in kidding stalls and disinfect the umbilicus at birth.
Source
The Merck Veterinary Manual 11th Edition (Passages 164, 249)
MSD Veterinary Manual — Septic Arthritis in Goats (accessed 2026-08-11)
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