DoxapramDose, contraindications and adverse effects for Cats, Cattle, Dogs, Horses, Pigs and Poultry.

CNS/respiratory stimulant; used to initiate breathing in neonates or reverse anesthetic-induced respiratory depression. Doxapram is FDA-approved for use in horses, cats, and dogs to stimulate the respiratory center during and after anesthesia to speed awakening and the return of reflexes. It is also approved for use in neonatal dogs and cats to initiate respiration following dystocia or caesarean section. Use of doxapram to initiate ventilation by stimulation of the respiratory center in newborns is controversia

Doxapram appears to directly stimulate peripheral chemoreceptors within the carotid bodies leading to subsequent release of catecholamines and other neurotransmitters. As doses increase, the central respiratory center is also stimulated, as are other parts of the brain and spinal cord, leading to general CNS stimulation.

Doxapram is contraindicated for patients with a history of hypersensitivity to it or that are receiving mechanical ventilation.; doxapram should not be used as a substitute for aggressive artificial (mechanical) ventilatory support in instances of severe respiratory depression. Use to stimulate respiration in newborns is controversial, and some state it is contraindicated in apnea.

Doxapram has a narrow margin of safety when used in humans. Hy- pertension, arrhythmias, seizures, and hyperventilation (leading to respiratory alkalosis) have been reported. These effects appear most probable with repeated or high doses. Depth of anesthesia may be reduced when doxapram is used intraoperatively. Doxapram has been shown in experimental animals to increase myocardial oxygen demand and reduce cerebral blood flow.

Monitor patient’s heart and respiratory rate.