KetamineDose, contraindications and adverse effects for Cats, Dogs and Horses.

Dissociative anesthetic agent. Anesthesia and chemical restraint.

NMDA receptor antagonist (implied).

Ketamine is contraindicated in animals that have exhibited prior hypersensitivity reactions to it and in animals to be used for human consumption. Use of ketamine in animals with significant hypertension, heart failure, or arterial aneurysms could be dangerous. The manufacturer warns against its use in animals with hepatic or renal insufficiency; in humans with renal insufficiency, the duration of action is not prolonged.

At lower doses, adverse effects are generally minimal in most species. Emesis, salivation, and vocalization may occur. Other reported effects include hyperthermia, nystagmus, erratic and prolonged recovery, dyspnea, and cardiac arrest. Musculoskeletal effects may include tremors, myoclonus, hypertonicity, and convulsions. Respiratory depression has been noted at high doses.

■ Depth of anesthesia and analgesia ■ Ventilation (eg, ETCO2) ■ Cardiovascular status (eg, heart rate and rhythm, blood pressure, pulse oximetry) ■ Monitor eyes to prevent drying out or injury ■ Body temperature

A withdrawal interval is stated for this drug. It depends on the formulation, route and dose, so read the exact wording in the interactive drug guide before treating a food animal.