NorepinephrineDose, contraindications and adverse effects for Cats, Dogs, Horses and Sheep.

Naturally occurring catecholamine vasopressor; a first-line agent for vasodilatory shock via alpha-1 and beta-1 adrenergic effects. Norepinephrine (NE) is a direct-acting sympathomimetic vasopressor and cardiac inotrope used for treatment of profound hypotension in small and large animal species. NE is the first choice vasopressor for septic shock in volume-replete animals, and it can be used to raise blood pressure and as a cardiac stimulant in these patients. In humans, NE is a first-line agent for hypotension associated

Norepinephrine (NE) is a strong alpha-1- and alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonist, and a moderate beta-1 agonist. NE acts as a peripheral vasoconstrictor (alpha-adrenergic), inotropic cardiostimulant, and coronary artery dilator (beta-adrenergic). Total peripheral resistance is increased, resulting in increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

In life-threatening situations, there are no absolute contraindications Norepinephrine 943 to norepinephrine (NE) use. Vasopressors are not a substitute for adequate blood, fluid, or electrolyte replacement. NE should not be given to patients that are hypotensive from hypovolemia,7 except as an emergency measure to maintain coronary and cerebral artery perfusion until volume replacement therapy can be completed.

If used in the absence of blood volume replacement, the following may occur: severe peripheral and visceral vasoconstriction, decreased renal perfusion and urine output, and poor systemic blood flow despite normal blood pressures. Higher doses can cause arrhythmias. Cats may be more susceptible to these adverse effects.

Norepinephrine is a drug used in the intensive care unit (ICU) for critical patients. Animals must be observed, and dosage rates titrated. Avoid abrupt withdrawal of the infusion. ■ Blood pressure. Preferably including central venous pressure or pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure