DiazoxideDose, contraindications and adverse effects for Dogs.

Potassium-channel-opening drug that suppresses insulin secretion; used to manage hypoglycemia from insulin-secreting tumors. Oral diazoxide has been used for the treatment of hypoglycemia secondary to hyperinsulin secretion (eg, insulinoma) in patients refractory to glucocorticoid and dietary therapy.

Although related structurally to the thiazide diuretics, diazoxide does not possess any appreciable diuretic activity. By directly causing a vasodilatory effect on the smooth muscle in peripheral arterioles, diazoxide reduces peripheral resistance and blood pressure.

Diazoxide should not be used in patients with functional hypoglycemia or for treating hypoglycemia secondary to insulin overdose in diabetic patients. Unless the potential advantages outweigh the risks, do not use in patients hypersensitive to thiazide diuretics. Because diazoxide can cause sodium and water retention, use cautiously, and consider dose reductions in patients with congestive heart failure or renal insufficiency.

When used to treat insulinomas in dogs, the most common adverse effects include hypersalivation, anorexia, vomiting, and/or diarrhea. Other effects that may be seen include tachycardia, hematologic abnormalities (eg, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia), pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, cataracts, and sodium and water retention. Administering the drug with meals or temporarily reducing the dosage may alleviate the GI side effects.

■ Blood (serum) glucose. The goal of therapy is to identify a dosage 384 Dichlorphenamide that reduces or eliminates hypoglycemia and its associated clinical signs. The ideal dosage would also avoid hyperglycemia (glucose greater than 180 mg/dL).