DetomidineDose, contraindications and adverse effects for Cats, Cattle, Dogs, Horses and Poultry.

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist sedative and analgesic used mainly in horses. Detomidine is FDA-approved for use as a sedative analgesic in horses; it is also used clinically (extra-label) in other species (eg, cattle, camelids, sheep, goats). In a comparative study in horses, detomidine delivered as an oral transmucosal (OTM) gel produced sedation (chin to ground) similar to that achieved from IV administration but caused less ataxia. The OTM gel has been used orally

Detomidine, like xylazine, is an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist that reduces norepinephrine-mediated neural impulses, resulting in a dose-dependent sedative and analgesic effect. Detomidine is ≈50 to 100 times more potent than xylazine.

Detomidine is contraindicated in horses with preexisting SA block or pathologic AV block, severe coronary insufficiency, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, or chronic renal failure. Use cautiously in animals with endotoxic or traumatic shock or approaching shock, and in patients with advanced hepatic or renal disease. Use with caution in horses that are stressed because of temperature extremes, fatigue, or high altitude; consider using lower dosages.

Detomidine can cause an initial and immediate rise in blood pressure followed by reflex bradycardia and AV block. Atropine 0.02 mg/kg IV has been successfully used to prevent or correct the bradycardia that may be seen when detomidine is administered at labeled dosages. However, routine use of anticholinergics is generally not recommended because of the potential for GI motility reduction and hypertension.

■ Level of sedation and analgesia; body temperature ■ Heart rate and rhythm, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and pulse oximetry

A withdrawal interval is stated for this drug. It depends on the formulation, route and dose, so read the exact wording in the interactive drug guide before treating a food animal.