MedetomidineDose, contraindications and adverse effects for Cats, Dogs and Horses.

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist sedative/analgesic, reversible with the specific antagonist atipamezole. Medetomidine is an alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, premedication/anesthesia adjunct, and analgesic in dogs, cats, other small animal species, and in a wide variety of large animal species (eg, horses, cattle, camelids, small ruminants). Medetomidine is commonly used in combination with an opioid and/or ketamine to extend the depth and duration of action to minimize the need for redosing.

an An alpha-2:alpha-1 selectivity factor of 1620:1 and, as compared with xylazine, is reportedly 10 times more specific for alpha-2 receptors versus alpha-1 receptors. The pharmacologic effects of medetomidine include depression of CNS (sedation, anxiolysis), GI (nausea/ vomiting, decreased secretions, varying effects on intestinal muscle tone), and endocrine functions

The label states that medetomidine is contraindicated in dogs having the following conditions: cardiac disease, respiratory disorders, liver or kidney disease, shock, severe debilitation, or dogs stressed due to heat, cold, or fatigue.

The adverse effects reported with medetomidine are essentially extensions of its pharmacologic effects including bradycardia, occasional AV blocks, decreased respiratory rate, hypothermia, urination (particularly during recovery, 90 to 120 minutes following administration), vomiting, and hyperglycemia.

■ Level of sedation and analgesia; body temperature ■ Heart rate and rhythm, blood pressure, respiratory depth and rate, ETCO2, pulse oximetry, and body temperature should be considered in all patients, and mandatory in higher risk patients.