RomifidineDose, contraindications and adverse effects for Horses.

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist sedative, used mainly in horses. Romifidine is FDA-approved for use as a sedative and analgesic in adult horses to facilitate handling, clinical examinations, clinical procedures, and minor surgical procedures and for use as a preanesthetic prior to the induction of general anesthesia. Romifidine has been used extra-label in cattle and foals.

Romifidine is a potent alpha-2-adrenergic agonist with sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant properties. Alpha-2-adrenergic receptors are found in the CNS and several tissues peripherally both presynaptically and postsynaptically. In the CNS, the primary action is feedback inhibition of norepinephrine release.

Romifidine is contraindicated in patients that are hypersensitive to it. Do not use in combination with IV potentiated sulfonamides. Do not use in horses with respiratory, hepatic, or renal disease, dehydration, or other systemic conditions of compromised health. Romifidine has not been evaluated in horses with colic or in foals. Use with caution in horses with pre-existing cardiac conditions due to the effects on heart rhythm and blood pressure.

In horses, romifidine may cause profound bradycardia, first- and second-degree atrioventricular heart block, and dose-dependent sinus arrhythmias. Initially, hypertension may occur, followed by hypotension. Other adverse effects can include ataxia, sweating, piloerection, salivation, muscle tremors, penile relaxation, urination (occurs ≈1 hour after dose), stridor, decreased GI motility, flatulence, and mild colic.

■ Level of sedation and analgesia ■ Heart rate and rhythm, blood pressure, pulse oximetry ■ Respiratory depth and rate, ETCO2 ■ Body temperature

A withdrawal interval is stated for this drug. It depends on the formulation, route and dose, so read the exact wording in the interactive drug guide before treating a food animal.